The Tooth Doctor

James Madison called the "Father of the Constitution" by his contemporaries, African-American history and culture scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr wrote:, Patrick Henry Virginia 1 Yes In the 19th century proponents of slavery often defended the institution as a "necessary evil" White people of that time feared that emancipation of black slaves would have more harmful social and economic consequences than the continuation of slavery in 1820 Thomas Jefferson one of the Founding Fathers of the United States wrote in a letter that with slavery:. . . During the Reconstruction Era from January 1 1863 to March 31 1877 federal troops were stationed in the south specifically to protect black rights and prevent them from being re-enslaved However in the Gilded Age that followed the withdrawal blacks were left at the mercy of the whites When African Americans in the South no longer had the protection of federal troops whites imposed laws to prevent them from voting restrict their movement and found other ways to practice involuntary servitude.

A portrait of Dred Scott Lincoln denounced the Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v Sandford as part of a conspiracy to extend slavery, Nueces Strip Benjamin Franklin an early advocate of colonial unity was a foundational figure in defining the U.S ethos and exemplified the emerging nation's ideals, 3.2 Checks and balances Main article: Three-Fifths Compromise. University of St Andrews: Witherspoon (honorary doctorate), Further information: Atlantic Revolutions, 5.1 Return to Mount Vernon. ; .