. . ! . Carroll served in the Maryland Senate Most Washington citizens embraced the arriving troops although there were pockets of apathy and Southern sympathy Upon hearing a Union regiment singing "John Brown's Body" as the soldiers marched beneath her window resident Julia Ward Howe wrote the patriotic "Battle Hymn of the Republic" to the same tune, According to Adalberto Aguirre there were 1,161 slaves executed in the U.S between the 1790s and 1850s. Quick executions of innocent slaves as well as suspects typically followed any attempted slave rebellions as white militias overreacted with widespread killings that expressed their fears of rebellions or suspected rebellions. ! .
. See also: Annapolis Convention (1786) and the Federalist Papers With a limited number of professional schools established in the U.S Founders also sought advanced degrees from traditional institutions in England and Scotland such as the University of Edinburgh the University of St Andrews and the University of Glasgow. In early 1778 the French responded to Burgoyne's defeat and entered into a Treaty of Alliance with the Americans the Continental Congress ratified the treaty in May which amounted to a French declaration of war against Britain the British evacuated Philadelphia for New York that June and Washington summoned a war council of American and French Generals He chose a partial attack on the retreating British at the Battle of Monmouth; the British were commanded by Howe's successor General Henry Clinton Generals Charles Lee and Lafayette moved with 4,000 men without Washington's knowledge and bungled their first attack on June 28 Washington relieved Lee and achieved a draw after an expansive battle at nightfall the British continued their retreat to New York and Washington moved his army outside the city. Monmouth was Washington's last battle in the North; he valued the safety of his army more than towns with little value to the British. .
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