Marvin N. Kaplan, DMD

Demographics The Civil War In London the Rockingham government came to power (July 1765) and Parliament debated whether to repeal the stamp tax or to send an army to enforce it Benjamin Franklin made the case for repeal explaining that the colonies had spent heavily in manpower money and blood in defense of the empire in a series of wars against the French and Indians and that further taxes to pay for those wars were unjust and might bring about a rebellion Parliament agreed and repealed the tax (February 21 1766) but insisted in the Declaratory Act of March 1766 that they retained full power to make laws for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" the repeal nonetheless caused widespread celebrations in the colonies. ; As a respected military hero and large landowner Washington held local offices and was elected to the Virginia provincial legislature representing Frederick County in the House of Burgesses for seven years beginning in 1758. He plied the voters with beer brandy and other beverages although he was absent while serving on the Forbes Expedition. He won election with roughly 40 percent of the vote defeating three other candidates with the help of several local supporters He rarely spoke in his early legislative career but he became a prominent critic of Britain's taxation and mercantilist policies in the 1760s. .

John Dickinson authored the first draft of the Articles of Confederation in 1776 while serving in the Continental Congress as a delegate from Pennsylvania and signed them late the following year after being elected to Congress as a delegate from Delaware, A 2007 report found that about one-third of District residents were functionally illiterate compared to a national rate of about one in five This is attributed in part to immigrants who are not proficient in English as of 2011 85% of D.C residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language. Half of residents had at least a four-year college degree in 2006 in 2017 the median household income in D.C was $77,649; also in 2017 D.C residents had a personal income per capita of $50,832 (higher than any of the 50 states). However 19% of residents were below the poverty level in 2005 higher than any state except Mississippi.[f]. The congressional inquiry into St Clair's Defeat of 1791 was the first congressional investigation of the executive branch. Investigations are conducted to gather information on the need for future legislation to test the effectiveness of laws already passed and to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and officials of the other branches Committees may hold hearings and if necessary compel individuals to testify when investigating issues over which it has the power to legislate by issuing subpoenas. Witnesses who refuse to testify may be cited for contempt of Congress and those who testify falsely may be charged with perjury Most committee hearings are open to the public (the House and Senate intelligence committees are the exception); important hearings are widely reported in the mass media and transcripts published a few months afterwards. Congress in the course of studying possible laws and investigating matters generates an incredible amount of information in various forms and can be described as a publisher. Indeed it publishes House and Senate reports and maintains databases which are updated irregularly with publications in a variety of electronic formats, The U.S Senate unanimously passed a similar resolution on June 18 2009 apologizing for the "fundamental injustice cruelty brutality and inhumanity of slavery" it also explicitly states that it cannot be used for restitution claims, Washington closed the address by reflecting on his legacy:. Washington the Constable, 8 See also A Great Blue Heron, Washington is one of 13 cities in the United States with teams from all four major professional men's sports and is home to one major professional women's team the Washington Wizards (National Basketball Association) the Washington Capitals (National Hockey League) and the Washington Mystics (Women's National Basketball Association) play at the Capital One Arena in Chinatown Nationals Park which opened in Southeast D.C in 2008 is home to the Washington Nationals (Major League Baseball) D.C United (Major League Soccer) plays at Audi Field the Washington Redskins (National Football League) play at FedExField in nearby Landover Maryland. Partisanship versus bipartisanship Because of the power relationships at work slave women in the United States were at high risk for rape and sexual abuse. Many slaves fought back against sexual attacks and some died resisting Others carried psychological and physical scars from the attacks. Sexual abuse of slaves was partially rooted in a patriarchal Southern culture which treated black women as property or chattel. Southern culture strongly policed against sexual relations between white women and black men on the purported grounds of racial purity but by the late 18th century the many mixed-race slaves and slave children showed that white men had often taken advantage of slave women. Wealthy planter widowers notably such as John Wayles and his son-in-law Thomas Jefferson took slave women as concubines; each had six children with his partner: Elizabeth Hemings and her daughter Sally Hemings (the half-sister of Jefferson's late wife) respectively Both Mary Chesnut and Fanny Kemble wives of planters wrote about this issue in the antebellum South in the decades before the Civil War Sometimes planters used mixed-race slaves as house servants or favored artisans because they were their children or other relatives. As a result of centuries of slavery and such relationships DNA studies have shown that the vast majority of African Americans also have historic European ancestry generally through paternal lines. In 1641 Massachusetts became the first colony to authorize slavery through enacted law. Massachusetts passed the Body of Liberties which prohibited slavery in many instances but allowed slaves to be held if they were captives of war if they sold themselves into slavery or were purchased elsewhere or if they were sentenced to slavery as punishment by the governing authority the Body of Liberties used the word "strangers" to refer to people bought and sold as slaves; they were generally not English subjects Colonists came to equate this term with Native Americans and Africans.