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. The first draft of the compromise of 1850 had Texas's northwestern boundary be a straight diagonal line from the Rio Grande 20 miles north of El Paso to the Red River (Mississippi watershed) at the 100th meridian west the southwestern corner of today's Oklahoma. In ancient China where governments were massive centralized bureaucracies with little flexibility on the provincial level a dynasty could easily be toppled with the fall of its capital in the Three Kingdoms period both Shu and Wu fell when their respective capitals of Chengdu and Jianye fell the Ming dynasty relocated its capital from Nanjing to Beijing where they could more effectively control the generals and troops guarding the borders from Mongols and Manchus the Ming was destroyed when Li Zicheng took their seat of power and this pattern repeats itself in Chinese history until the fall of the traditional Confucian monarchy in the 20th century After the Qing dynasty's collapse decentralization of authority and improved transportation and communication technologies allowed both the Chinese Nationalists and Chinese Communists to rapidly relocate capitals and keep their leadership structures intact during the great crisis of Japanese invasion, A large crowd in front of a large building with many pillars, Passage Freedman General Hospital 6.3 Foreign affairs. Historians such as Bernard Bailyn Gordon Wood and Edmund Morgan view the American Revolution as a unique and radical event that produced deep changes and had a profound effect on world affairs such as an increasing belief in the principles of the Enlightenment These were demonstrated by a leadership and government that espoused protection of natural rights and a system of laws chosen by the people. John Murrin by contrast argues that the definition of "the people" at that time was mostly restricted to free men who were able to pass a property-qualification. This view argues that any significant gain of the revolution was irrelevant in the short term to women black Americans and slaves poor white men youth and American Indians.

. 1860 presidential election Engraving of young Grant in uniform Siege of Boston Washington the Constable Main article: Battle for Mexico City. The U.S Congress approved the declaration of war on May 13 1846 after a few hours of debate with southern Democrats in strong support Sixty-seven Whigs voted against the war on a key slavery amendment, but on the final passage only 14 Whigs voted no, including Rep John Quincy Adams.