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Washington D.C. Business Directory Washington D.C. Business Directory The five component parts of the district operated their own governments at the lower level the three cities within the district (Georgetown the City of Washington and Alexandria) operated their own municipal governments each with a continuous history of mayors Robert Brent the first mayor of the City of Washington was appointed directly by Thomas Jefferson in 1802 after the city's organization that year. 15.4 Historiography Effect on the American Civil War On July 9 1790 Congress passed the Residence Act which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River the exact location was to be selected by President George Washington who signed the bill into law on July 16 Formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles (16 km) on each side totaling 100 square miles (259 km2).[b].

Painting of men in a formal political meeting Lincoln's declared philosophy on court nominations was that "we cannot ask a man what he will do and if we should and he should answer us we should despise him for it Therefore we must take a man whose opinions are known.":471 Lincoln made five appointments to the United States Supreme Court Noah Haynes Swayne was chosen as an anti-slavery lawyer who was committed to the Union Samuel Freeman Miller supported Lincoln in the 1860 election and was an avowed abolitionist David Davis was Lincoln's campaign manager in 1860 and had served as a judge in Lincoln's Illinois court circuit Democrat Stephen Johnson Field a previous California Supreme Court justice provided geographic and political balance Finally Lincoln's Treasury Secretary Salmon P Chase became Chief Justice Lincoln believed Chase was an able jurist would support Reconstruction legislation and that his appointment united the Republican Party.:245. In addition nearly 200,000 African-American men served with distinction in the Union forces as soldiers and sailors Most were escaped slaves the Confederacy was outraged by armed black soldiers and refused to treat them as prisoners of war They murdered many as at the Fort Pillow Massacre and re-enslaved others, The Great Depression ushered in President Franklin Roosevelt and strong control by Democrats and historic New Deal policies Roosevelt's election in 1932 marked a shift in government power towards the executive branch Numerous New Deal initiatives came from the White House rather than being initiated by Congress the Democratic Party controlled both houses of Congress for many years. During this time Republicans and conservative southern Democrats formed the Conservative Coalition. Democrats maintained control of Congress during World War II. Congress struggled with efficiency in the postwar era partly by reducing the number of standing congressional committees. Southern Democrats became a powerful force in many influential committees although political power alternated between Republicans and Democrats during these years More complex issues required greater specialization and expertise such as space flight and atomic energy policy. Senator Joseph McCarthy exploited the fear of communism during the Second Red Scare and conducted televised hearings in 1960 Democratic candidate John F Kennedy narrowly won the presidency and power shifted again to the Democrats who dominated both houses of Congress until 1994; Lewis Morris New York 1 Yes The Battle of Buena Vista February 23 1847. . Shortly after the Elizabeth Key trial and similar challenges in 1662 the Virginia royal colony approved a law adopting the principle of partus sequitur ventrem (called partus for short) stating that any children born in the colony would take the status of the mother a child of an enslaved mother would be born into slavery regardless if the father were a freeborn Englishman or Christian This was a reversal of common law practice in England which ruled that children of English subjects took the status of the father the change institutionalized the skewed power relationships between slave owners and slave women freed white men from the legal responsibility to acknowledge or financially support their mixed-race children and somewhat confined the open scandal of mixed-race children and miscegenation to within the slave quarters, Committee assignments Main article: Nueces Strip. . Advance on Mexico City and its capture Fort Sumter's commander Major Robert Anderson sent a request for provisions to Washington and the execution of Lincoln's order to meet that request was seen by the secessionists as an act of war On April 12 1861 Confederate forces fired on Union troops at Fort Sumter and began the fight Historian Allan Nevins argued that the newly inaugurated Lincoln made three miscalculations: underestimating the gravity of the crisis exaggerating the strength of Unionist sentiment in the South and not realizing the Southern Unionists were insisting there be no invasion.:5:29.