; 4.1 Settlement of borders Texas annexation On July 30 2008 the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution apologizing for American slavery and subsequent discriminatory laws.
9.5 Loyalists 9 See also The only confirmed photo of Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg some three hours before the speech Lincoln is slightly left of center just behind the mass of blurry people. . . District of Columbia Consequently many black and white religious organizations former Union Army officers and soldiers and wealthy philanthropists were inspired to create and fund educational efforts specifically for the betterment of African Americans; some African Americans had started their own schools before the end of the war Northerners helped create numerous normal schools such as those that became Hampton University and Tuskegee University to generate teachers as well as other colleges for former slaves Blacks held teaching as a high calling with education the first priority for children and adults Many of the most talented went into the field Some of the schools took years to reach a high standard but they managed to get thousands of teachers started as W E B Du Bois noted the black colleges were not perfect but "in a single generation they put thirty thousand black teachers in the South" and "wiped out the illiteracy of the majority of black people in the land". Main articles: France in the American Revolutionary War and Spain in the American Revolutionary War. ; .
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