University of Edinburgh: Witherspoon (attended no degree), Main articles: George Washington and slavery and Abolitionism in the United States. Washington wrote to James Madison: "As the first of everything in our situation will serve to establish a precedent it is devoutly wished on my part that these precedents be fixed on true principles." to that end he preferred the title "Mr President" over more majestic names proposed by the Senate including "His Excellency" and "His Highness the President". His executive precedents included the inaugural address messages to Congress and the cabinet form of the executive branch! 2.9 Attendance at conventions In 1831 Nat Turner a literate slave who claimed to have spiritual visions organized a slave rebellion in Southampton County Virginia; it was sometimes called the Southampton Insurrection Turner and his followers killed nearly 60 white inhabitants mostly women and children Many of the men in the area were attending a religious event in North Carolina. Eventually Turner was captured with 17 other rebels who were subdued by the militia. Turner and his followers were hanged and Turner's body was flayed In a frenzy of fear and retaliation the militia killed more than 100 slaves who had not been involved in the rebellion Planters whipped hundreds of innocent slaves to ensure resistance was quelled. Many of the Founding Fathers were under 40 years old at the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776: Alexander Hamilton was 19 Aaron Burr was 20 Gouverneur Morris was 24 the oldest were Benjamin Franklin 70 and Samuel Whittemore 81!
Lincoln in 1857 Battle of Fallen Timbers by R F Zogbaum 1896; the Ohio Country was ceded to America in its aftermath, Europol: the Hague Abraham Clark New Jersey 1 Yes Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1 1863 was a powerful action that promised freedom for slaves in the Confederacy as soon as the Union armies reached them and authorized the enlistment of African Americans in the Union Army the Emancipation Proclamation did not free slaves in the Union-allied slave-holding states that bordered the Confederacy Since the Confederate States did not recognize the authority of President Lincoln and the proclamation did not apply in the border states at first the proclamation freed only those slaves who had escaped behind Union lines the proclamation made the abolition of slavery an official war goal that was implemented as the Union took territory from the Confederacy According to the Census of 1860 this policy would free nearly four million slaves or over 12% of the total population of the United States; Bleeding Kansas The diagnosis of Washington's illness and the immediate cause of his death have been subjects of debate since the day that he died the published account of Drs Craik and Brown[q] stated that his symptoms had been consistent with cynanche trachealis (tracheal inflammation) a term of that period used to describe severe inflammation of the upper windpipe including quinsy Accusations have persisted since Washington's death concerning medical malpractice with some believing that he had been bled to death. Various modern medical authors have speculated that he died from a severe case of epiglottitis complicated by the given treatments most notably the massive blood loss which almost certainly caused hypovolemic shock.[r]. Freemasonry was a widely accepted institution in the late 18th century known for advocating moral teachings. Washington was attracted to the Masons' dedication to the Enlightenment principles of rationality reason and brotherhood the American Masonic lodges did not share the anti-clerical perspective of the controversial European lodges a Masonic lodge was established in Fredericksburg in September 1752 and Washington was initiated two months later at the age of 20 as one of its first Entered Apprentices Within a year he progressed through its ranks to become a Master Mason. Before and during the American Revolution he used Masonic lodges as meeting places to plot against the British.[citation needed] He had a high regard for the Masonic Order but his personal lodge attendance was sporadic in 1777 a convention of Virginia lodges asked him to be the Grand Master of the newly established Grand Lodge of Virginia but he declined due to his commitments leading the Continental Army After 1782 he corresponded frequently with Masonic lodges and members and he was listed as Master in the Virginia charter of Alexandria Lodge No 22 in 1788.
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