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. According to Adalberto Aguirre there were 1,161 slaves executed in the U.S between the 1790s and 1850s. Quick executions of innocent slaves as well as suspects typically followed any attempted slave rebellions as white militias overreacted with widespread killings that expressed their fears of rebellions or suspected rebellions. 1.2 Design and construction Each bill goes through several stages in each house including consideration by a committee and advice from the Government Accountability Office. Most legislation is considered by standing committees which have jurisdiction over a particular subject such as Agriculture or Appropriations the House has twenty standing committees; the Senate has sixteen Standing committees meet at least once each month. Almost all standing committee meetings for transacting business must be open to the public unless the committee votes publicly to close the meeting a committee might call for public hearings on important bills. Each committee is led by a chair who belongs to the majority party and a ranking member of the minority party Witnesses and experts can present their case for or against a bill. Then a bill may go to what is called a mark-up session where committee members debate the bill's merits and may offer amendments or revisions. Committees may also amend the bill but the full house holds the power to accept or reject committee amendments After debate the committee votes whether it wishes to report the measure to the full house If a bill is tabled then it is rejected If amendments are extensive sometimes a new bill with amendments built in will be submitted as a so-called clean bill with a new number. Both houses have procedures under which committees can be bypassed or overruled but they are rarely used Generally members who have been in Congress longer have greater seniority and therefore greater power. Several like John Jay James Wilson John Williams and George Wythe were trained as lawyers through apprenticeships in the colonies while a few trained at the Inns of Court in London. Congress created executive departments in 1789 including the State Department in July the Department of War in August and the Treasury Department in September Washington appointed fellow Virginian Edmund Randolph as Attorney General Samuel Osgood as Postmaster General Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State and Henry Knox as Secretary of War Finally he appointed Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury Washington's cabinet became a consulting and advisory body not mandated by the Constitution. Main article: Women in the American Revolution Himachal Pradesh: Shimla is the primary capital city Dharamshala the capital of Central Tibetan Administration is the second winter capital of the state.

With the exception of cases of peonage beyond the period of Reconstruction the federal government took almost no action to enforce the 13th Amendment until December 1941 when President Franklin Delano Roosevelt summoned his attorney general Five days after Pearl Harbor at the request of the president Attorney General Francis Biddle issued Circular No 3591 to all federal prosecutors instructing them to actively investigate and try any case of involuntary servitude or slavery Several months later convict leasing was officially abolished But aspects have persisted in other forms while historians argue that other systems of penal labor were all created in 1865 and convict leasing was simply the most oppressive form. . Self-taught or little formal education, The British also took New Jersey pushing the Continental Army into Pennsylvania Washington crossed the Delaware River back into New Jersey in a surprise attack in late December 1776 and defeated the Hessian and British armies at Trenton and Princeton thereby regaining control of most of New Jersey the victories gave an important boost to Patriots at a time when morale was flagging and they have become iconic events of the war. . Map showing the five geological provinces through which the Potomac River flows. The war ended in 1783 and was followed by a period of prosperity the national government was still operating under the Articles of Confederation and was able to settle the issue of the western territories which the states ceded to Congress American settlers moved rapidly into those areas with Vermont Kentucky and Tennessee becoming states in the 1790s, Surrender of Lord Cornwallis by John Trumbull, Religion and Freemasonry the Missouri Compromise 1821. .