7.5 Tidal Potomac River 3.3 Justification in the South, Several of the Founding Fathers had extensive national state local and foreign political experience prior to the adoption of the Constitution in 1787 Some had been diplomats Several had been members of the Continental Congress or elected president of that body. .
Painting by Howard Chandler Christy depicting the signing of the Constitution of the United States with Washington as the presiding officer standing at right At the start of each two-year session the House elects a speaker who does not normally preside over debates but serves as the majority party's leader in the Senate the vice president is the ex officio president of the Senate in addition the Senate elects an officer called the president pro tempore Pro tempore means for the time being and this office is usually held by the most senior member of the Senate's majority party and customarily keeps this position until there is a change in party control Accordingly the Senate does not necessarily elect a new president pro tempore at the beginning of a new Congress in both the House and Senate the actual presiding officer is generally a junior member of the majority party who is appointed so that new members become acquainted with the rules of the chamber; 2.1 Texas Main article: 1860 United States presidential election Abraham Lincoln (1860) by Mathew Brady taken the day of the Cooper Union speech. .
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