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Lincoln in his late 30s as a member of the U.S House of Representatives Photo taken by one of Lincoln's law students around 1846; Historians agree that it is impossible to predict exactly how Reconstruction would have proceeded had Lincoln lived Biographers James G Randall and Richard Current according to David Lincove argue that:, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation: Kathmandu; An older tired-looking Abraham Lincoln with a beard. 6.1 Emergence as Republican leader Commonwealth of Nations: London, Congress is constantly changing and is constantly in flux in recent times the American south and west have gained House seats according to demographic changes recorded by the census and includes more minorities and women although both groups are still underrepresented. While power balances among the different parts of government continue to change the internal structure of Congress is important to understand along with its interactions with so-called intermediary institutions such as political parties civic associations interest groups and the mass media. 1842 Slave Revolt in the Cherokee Nation, As Grant continued to attrit Lee's forces efforts to discuss peace began Confederate Vice President Stephens led a group to meet with Lincoln Seward and others at Hampton Roads Lincoln refused to allow any negotiation with the Confederacy as a coequal; his sole objective was an agreement to end the fighting and the meetings produced no results.:565 On April 1 1865 Grant nearly encircled Petersburg the Confederate government evacuated and the city fell Lincoln visited the conquered capital On April 9 Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox officially ending the war.:589, Gen Kearny's annexation of New Mexico Territory August 15 1846. . .

The First Continental Congress was a gathering of representatives from twelve of the thirteen British Colonies in North America. On July 4 1776 the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence referring to the new nation as the "United States of America" the Articles of Confederation in 1781 created the Congress of the Confederation a unicameral body with equal representation among the states in which each state had a veto over most decisions Congress had executive but not legislative authority and the federal judiciary was confined to admiralty and lacked authority to collect taxes regulate commerce or enforce laws, Historians in the early 20th century such as J Franklin Jameson examined the class composition of the Patriot cause looking for evidence of a class war inside the revolution. More recent historians have largely abandoned that interpretation emphasizing instead the high level of ideological unity. Both Loyalists and Patriots were a "mixed lot", but ideological demands always came first the Patriots viewed independence as a means to gain freedom from British oppression and taxation and to reassert their basic rights Most yeomen farmers craftsmen and small merchants joined the Patriot cause to demand more political equality They were especially successful in Pennsylvania but less so in New England where John Adams attacked Thomas Paine's Common Sense for the "absurd democratical notions" that it proposed, Battle of Long Island Washington D.C. Business Directory. . . . Edward Rutledge South Carolina 2 Yes Yes Scott's campaign The newly founded country of the United States had to create a new government to replace the British Parliament the U.S adopted the Articles of Confederation a declaration that established a national government with a one-house legislature Its ratification by all thirteen colonies gave the second Congress a new name: the Congress of the Confederation which met from 1781 to 1789 the Constitutional Convention took place during the summer of 1787 in Philadelphia. Although the Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation the intention from the outset for some including James Madison and Alexander Hamilton was to create a new frame of government rather than amending the existing one the delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention the result of the Convention was the United States Constitution and the replacement of the Continental Congress with the United States Congress; The British did not give up their forts until 1796 in the eastern Midwest stretching from Ohio to Wisconsin; they kept alive the dream of forming a satellite Indian nation there which they called a Neutral Indian Zone That goal was one of the causes of the War of 1812, The American colonials proclaimed "no taxation without representation" starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765 They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they had no representatives in that governing body Protests steadily escalated to the Boston Massacre in 1770 and the burning of the Gaspee in Rhode Island in 1772 followed by the Boston Tea Party in December 1773 the British responded by closing Boston Harbor and enacting a series of punitive laws which effectively rescinded Massachusetts Bay Colony's rights of self-government the other colonies rallied behind Massachusetts and a group of American Patriot leaders set up their own government in late 1774 at the Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance of Britain; other colonists retained their allegiance to the Crown and were known as Loyalists or Tories, 9 See also 11.1 Memorials The First Continental Congress met briefly in Philadelphia Pennsylvania in 1774 consisting of 56 delegates from all thirteen American colonies except Georgia Among them was George Washington who would soon be drawn out of military retirement to command the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War Also in attendance were Patrick Henry and John Adams who like all delegates were elected by their respective colonial assemblies Other delegates included Samuel Adams from Massachusetts John Dickinson from Pennsylvania and New York's John Jay This congress in addition to formulating appeals to the British crown established the Continental Association to administer boycott actions against Britain. After having been depressed for many decades the river's population of American Shad is currently re-bounding as a result of the ICPRB's successful "American Shad Restoration Project" that was begun in 1995 in addition to stocking the river with more than 22 million shad fry the Project supervised construction of a fishway that was built to facilitate the passage of adults around the Little Falls Dam on the way to their traditional spawning grounds upstream.