Patients in Ward K at the Armory Square General Hospital, Scholar and representative Lee H Hamilton asserted that the "historic mission of Congress has been to maintain freedom" and insisted it was a "driving force in American government" and a "remarkably resilient institution". Congress is the "heart and soul of our democracy" according to this view, even though legislators rarely achieve the prestige or name recognition of presidents or Supreme Court justices; one wrote that "legislators remain ghosts in America's historical imagination". One analyst argues that it is not a solely reactive institution but has played an active role in shaping government policy and is extraordinarily sensitive to public pressure. Several academics described Congress:, John Dickinson Franklin Langdon and Rutledge had been governors or presidents of their states. The size of a congressional pension depends on the years of service and the average of the highest three years of their salary by law the starting amount of a member's retirement annuity may not exceed 80% of their final salary in 2006 the average annual pension for retired senators and representatives under the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) was $60,972 while those who retired under FERS or in combination with CSRS was $35,952, John Hart New Jersey 2 Yes William L Yancey's "Alabama Platform" endorsed by the Alabama and the Georgia legislatures and by Democratic state conventions in Florida and Virginia called for no restrictions on slavery in the territories by the federal government or territorial governments before statehood opposition to any candidates supporting either the Wilmot Proviso or popular sovereignty and federal legislation to overrule Mexican anti-slavery laws, In October 1753 Dinwiddie appointed Washington as a special envoy to demand that the French vacate territory which the British had claimed.[e] Dinwiddie also appointed him to make peace with the Iroquois Confederacy and to gather intelligence about the French forces. Washington met with Half-King Tanacharison and other Iroquois chiefs at Logstown to secure their promise of support against the French and his party reached the Ohio River in November They were intercepted by a French patrol and escorted to Fort Le Boeuf where Washington was received in a friendly manner He delivered the British demand to vacate to French commander Saint-Pierre but the French refused to leave Saint-Pierre gave Washington his official answer in a sealed envelope after a few days' delay and he gave Washington's party food and extra winter clothing for the trip back to Virginia. Washington completed the precarious mission in 77 days in difficult winter conditions and achieved a measure of distinction when his report was published in Virginia and London. Part of a series on Following their victory at the Battle of Bladensburg the British entered Washington D.C burning down buildings including the White House; . 5 Reaction in the United States, Major-General Robert Ross British commander who led the attack on Washington, The Dutch Republic also at war with Britain was the next country to sign a treaty with the United States on October 8 1782. On April 3 1783 Ambassador Extraordinary Gustaf Philip Creutz representing King Gustav III of Sweden and Benjamin Franklin signed a Treaty of Amity and Commerce with the U.S; .
6.1 Freedom suits and Dred Scott, Further information: Abraham Lincoln and religion, Constitutional responsibility for the oversight of Washington D.C. the federal district and national capital and the U.S territories of Guam American Samoa Puerto Rico the U.S Virgin Islands and the Northern Mariana Islands rests with Congress the republican form of government in territories is devolved by Congressional statute to the respective territories including direct election of governors the D.C mayor and locally elective territorial legislatures! Once the abolition of slavery in the rebel states became a military objective Union armies advancing south liberated three million slaves Lincoln's comment on the signing of the Proclamation was: "I never in my life felt more certain that I was doing right than I do in signing this paper.":407 Lincoln continued earlier plans to set up colonies for the newly freed slaves He supported this in the Proclamation but the undertaking failed.:408, Dulles was initially considered a white elephant being far out of town with few flights; in 1965 Dulles averaged 89 airline operations a day while National Airport (now Reagan) averaged 600 despite not allowing jets. (Dulles got its first transatlantic nonstop in June 1964.) Airport operations grew along with Virginia suburbs and the Dulles Technology Corridor; perimeter and slot restrictions at National forced long-distance flights to use Dulles in 1969 Dulles had 2.01 million passengers while National had 9.9 million, See also: Second Battle of Tabasco. Prominent Founding Fathers writing in the Federalist Papers felt that elections were essential to liberty that a bond between the people and the representatives was particularly essential and that "frequent elections are unquestionably the only policy by which this dependence and sympathy can be effectually secured" in 2009 however few Americans were familiar with leaders of Congress the percentage of Americans eligible to vote who did in fact vote was 63% in 1960 but has been falling since although there was a slight upward trend in the 2008 election. Public opinion polls asking people if they approve of the job Congress is doing have in the last few decades hovered around 25% with some variation. Scholar Julian Zeliger suggested that the "size messiness virtues and vices that make Congress so interesting also create enormous barriers to our understanding the institution . Unlike the presidency Congress is difficult to conceptualize." Other scholars suggest that despite the criticism "Congress is a remarkably resilient institution . its place in the political process is not threatened . it is rich in resources" and that most members behave ethically. They contend that "Congress is easy to dislike and often difficult to defend" and this perception is exacerbated because many challengers running for Congress run against Congress which is an "old form of American politics" that further undermines Congress's reputation with the public:. 4.1 Top destinations Caning of Charles Sumner The Army of the Potomac was the first to parade through the city on May 23 in a procession that stretched for seven miles the mood in Washington was now one of gaiety and celebration and the crowds and soldiers frequently engaged in singing patriotic songs as column passed the reviewing stand in front of the White House where President Johnson general-in-chief Ulysses S Grant senior military leaders the Cabinet and leading government officials awaited! A major role for members of Congress is providing services to constituents. Constituents request assistance with problems. Providing services helps members of Congress win votes and elections and can make a difference in close races. Congressional staff can help citizens navigate government bureaucracies. One academic described the complex intertwined relation between lawmakers and constituents as home style.:8. District of Columbia ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? In 1885 Congress proclaimed Washington's birthday to be a federal holiday. Twentieth-century biographer Douglas Southall Freeman concluded "The great big thing stamped across that man is character." Modern historian David Hackett Fischer has expanded upon Freeman's assessment defining Washington's character as "integrity self-discipline courage absolute honesty resolve and decision but also forbearance decency and respect for others". . Sessions "A necessary evil", The historical records of the House of Representatives and the Senate are maintained by the Center for Legislative Archives which is a part of the National Archives and Records Administration.
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