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. . Harpers Ferry Point of Rocks Little Falls Georgetown. Despite being the nation's capital Washington remained a small city of a few thousand residents virtually deserted during the torrid summertime until the outbreak of the Civil War in February 1861 the Peace Congress a last-ditch attempt by delegates from 21 of the 34 states to avert what many saw as the impending Civil War met in the city's Willard Hotel the strenuous effort failed and the War started in April 1861. 1860 presidential election Infrastructure Dred Scott and his wife Harriet Scott each sued for freedom in St Louis after the death of their master based on their having been held in a free territory (the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase from which slavery was excluded under the terms of the Missouri Compromise) (Later the two cases were combined under Dred Scott's name.) Scott filed suit for freedom in 1846 and went through two state trials the first denying and the second granting freedom to the couple (and by extension their two daughters who had also been held illegally in free territories) for 28 years Missouri state precedent had generally respected laws of neighboring free states and territories ruling for freedom in such transit cases where slaves had been held illegally in free territory But in the Dred Scott case the State Supreme Court ruled against the slaves saying that "times were not what they once were".[citation needed]. Following their victory at the Battle of Bladensburg the British entered Washington D.C burning down buildings including the White House. .

Main article: Bleeding Kansas Nearly all of the 55 Constitutional Convention delegates had some experience in colonial and state government and the majority had held county and local offices. Those who lacked national congressional experience were Bassett Blair Brearly Broom Davie Dayton Alexander Martin Luther Martin Mason McClurg Paterson Charles Pinckney Strong and Yates! . Washington was concerned with Howe's movements during the Saratoga campaign to the north and he was also aware that Burgoyne was moving south toward Saratoga from Quebec Washington took some risks to support Gates' army sending reinforcements north with Generals Benedict Arnold his most aggressive field commander and Benjamin Lincoln On October 7 1777 Burgoyne tried to take Bemis Heights but was isolated from support by Howe He was forced to retreat to Saratoga and ultimately surrendered after the Battles of Saratoga as Washington suspected Gates's victory emboldened his critics. Biographer John Alden maintains "It was inevitable that the defeats of Washington's forces and the concurrent victory of the forces in upper New York should be compared." the admiration for Washington was waning including little credit from John Adams. British commander Howe resigned in May 1778 left America forever and was replaced by Sir Henry Clinton, After treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, A R.F Zogbaum scene of the Battle of Fallen Timbers includes Native Americans taking aim as cavalry soldiers charge with raised swords and one soldier is shot and loses his mount. 1 Terminology Presidential election results Secession and inauguration Historian Gregg L Frazer argues that the leading Founders (John Adams Jefferson Franklin Wilson Morris Madison Hamilton and Washington) were neither Christians nor Deists but rather supporters of a hybrid "theistic rationalism". Main articles: Education during the Slave Period and Education of freed people during the Civil War.