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. . . To help regulate the relationship between slave and owner including legal support for keeping the slave as property states established slave codes most based on laws existing since the colonial era the code for the District of Columbia defined a slave as "a human being who is by law deprived of his or her liberty for life and is the property of another". . ! Lincoln in 1857 See also: Salaries of members of the United States Congress Rapid Transit WMATA Red.svg WMATA Blue.svg WMATA Orange.svg WMATA Yellow.svg WMATA Green.svg WMATA Silver.svg.

. Yellow flag waving.svg Liberalism portal Slaves shipped to those regions that are part of the present-day United States, Northern antislavery elements feared the expansion of the Southern Slave Power; Whigs generally wanted to strengthen the economy with industrialization not expand it with more land Among the most vocal opposing the war in the House of Representatives was John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts Adams had first voiced concerns about expanding into Mexican territory in 1836 when he opposed Texas annexation He continued this argument in 1846 for the same reason War with Mexico would add new slavery territory to the nation When the vote to go to war with Mexico came to a vote on May 13 Adams spoke a resounding "No!" in the chamber Only 13 others followed his lead However he later voted for war appropriations.:151. . See also: List of clergy in the American Revolution The Second Continental Congress approved the "Articles of Confederation" for ratification by the states on November 15 1777; the Congress immediately began operating under the Articles' terms providing a structure of shared sovereignty during prosecution of the war and facilitating international relations and alliances with France and Spain the articles were ratified on March 1 1781 at that point the Continental Congress was dissolved and a new government of the United States in Congress Assembled took its place on the following day with Samuel Huntington as presiding officer. . Lt Gen There were economic and ethnic differences between free blacks of the Upper South and Deep South with the latter fewer in number but wealthier and typically of mixed race Half of the black slaveholders lived in cities rather than the countryside with most living in New Orleans and Charleston Especially New Orleans had a large relatively wealthy free black population (gens de couleur) composed of people of mixed race who had become a third social class between whites and enslaved blacks under French and Spanish colonial rule Relatively few non-white slaveholders were "substantial planters" Of those who were most were of mixed race often endowed by white fathers with some property and social capital for example Andrew Durnford of New Orleans was listed as owning 77 slaves. According to Rachel Kranz: "Durnford was known as a stern master who worked his slaves hard and punished them often in his efforts to make his Louisiana sugar plantation a success.".