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. . Supreme Court appointments James Duane New York 2 Yes Yes Issues Post-constitution life The Constitution specifies that a majority of members known as a quorum be present before doing business in each house However the rules of each house assume that a quorum is present unless a quorum call demonstrates the contrary and debate often continues despite the lack of a majority.

James Madison Virginia 1 Yes Issues 2014 54.5% 96,666 [h] San Salvador El Salvador (2018) Prominent Founding Fathers writing in the Federalist Papers felt that elections were essential to liberty that a bond between the people and the representatives was particularly essential and that "frequent elections are unquestionably the only policy by which this dependence and sympathy can be effectually secured" in 2009 however few Americans were familiar with leaders of Congress the percentage of Americans eligible to vote who did in fact vote was 63% in 1960 but has been falling since although there was a slight upward trend in the 2008 election. Public opinion polls asking people if they approve of the job Congress is doing have in the last few decades hovered around 25% with some variation. Scholar Julian Zeliger suggested that the "size messiness virtues and vices that make Congress so interesting also create enormous barriers to our understanding the institution . Unlike the presidency Congress is difficult to conceptualize." Other scholars suggest that despite the criticism "Congress is a remarkably resilient institution . its place in the political process is not threatened . it is rich in resources" and that most members behave ethically. They contend that "Congress is easy to dislike and often difficult to defend" and this perception is exacerbated because many challengers running for Congress run against Congress which is an "old form of American politics" that further undermines Congress's reputation with the public:. Reconstruction Joint sessions of the United States Congress occur on special occasions that require a concurrent resolution from both House and Senate These sessions include counting electoral votes after a presidential election and the president's State of the Union address the constitutionally mandated report normally given as an annual speech is modeled on Britain's Speech from the Throne was written by most presidents after Jefferson but personally delivered as a spoken oration beginning with Wilson in 1913 Joint Sessions and Joint Meetings are traditionally presided over by the speaker of the House except when counting presidential electoral votes when the vice president (acting as the president of the Senate) presides. Subsequent events in the lives of the Founding Fathers after the adoption of the Constitution were characterized by success or failure reflecting the abilities of these men as well as the vagaries of fate. Washington Adams Jefferson Madison and Monroe served in highest U.S office of president Jay would be appointed as president of the United States and later elected to two terms as Governor of New York. Painting of the frigate USS Constitution with three masts, Regarding the beginning of the war Ulysses S Grant who had opposed the war but served as an army lieutenant in Taylor's Army claims in his Personal Memoirs (1885) that the main goal of the U.S Army's advance from Nueces River to Rio Grande was to provoke the outbreak of war without attacking first to debilitate any political opposition to the war. .