12 References The Lincoln Cabinet, USA The Declaration of Independence was drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson and presented by the committee; it was unanimously adopted by the entire Congress on July 4 and each of the colonies became independent and autonomous the next step was to form a union to facilitate international relations and alliances, Washington had planned to resign after his first term but the political strife in the nation convinced him that he should remain in office. He was an able administrator and a judge of talent and character and he talked regularly with department heads to get their advice. He tolerated opposing views despite fears that a democratic system would lead to political violence and he conducted a smooth transition of power to his successor. He remained non-partisan throughout his presidency and opposed the divisiveness of political parties but he favored a strong central government was sympathetic to a Federalist form of government and leery of the Republican opposition. . 4.5 Valley Forge and Monmouth At the outset of the Revolutionary War the Second Continental Congress was meeting in Philadelphia at the Pennsylvania State House On account of British military actions the Congress was forced to relocate to Baltimore Lancaster Pennsylvania and then York Pennsylvania for a time before returning to Philadelphia. Upon gaining independence the Congress of the Confederation was formed and Philadelphia became the new nation's first seat of government Congress did not remain in the city long however for in June 1783 a mob of angry soldiers converged upon Independence Hall demanding payment for their service during the war Congress requested that John Dickinson the governor of Pennsylvania call up the militia to defend Congress from attacks by the protesters in what became known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 Dickinson sympathized with the protesters and refused to remove them from Philadelphia As a result Congress was forced to flee to Princeton New Jersey on June 21 1783 and met in Annapolis and then Trenton before ending up in New York. , Eastern North America in 1775 the British Province of Quebec the thirteen colonies on the Atlantic coast and the Indian reserve as defined by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 the 1763 Proclamation line is the border between the red and the pink areas while the orange area represents the Spanish claim, The continued involuntary servitude took various forms but the primary forms included convict leasing peonage and sharecropping with the latter eventually encompassing poor whites as well By the 1930s whites constituted most of the sharecroppers in the South Mechanization of agriculture had reduced the need for farm labor and many blacks left the South in the Great Migration. ! Washington Gas is the city's natural gas utility and serves over one million customers in the District and its suburbs Incorporated by Congress in 1848 the company installed the city's first gas lights in the Capitol the White House and along Pennsylvania Avenue.
. McClurg McHenry Rush and Williamson were physicians After the war the great majority of the approximately 500,000 Loyalists remained in America and resumed normal lives Some became prominent American leaders such as Samuel Seabury Approximately 46,000 Loyalists relocated to Canada; others moved to Britain (7,000) Florida or the West Indies (9,000) the exiles represented approximately two percent of the total population of the colonies. Nearly all black loyalists left for Nova Scotia Florida or England where they could remain free. Loyalists who left the South in 1783 took thousands of their slaves with them to be slaves in the British West Indies. The British also took New Jersey pushing the Continental Army into Pennsylvania Washington crossed the Delaware River back into New Jersey in a surprise attack in late December 1776 and defeated the Hessian and British armies at Trenton and Princeton thereby regaining control of most of New Jersey the victories gave an important boost to Patriots at a time when morale was flagging and they have become iconic events of the war. Major-General Robert Ross British commander who led the attack on Washington!
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