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The number of enslaved and free blacks rose from 759,000 (60,000 free) in the 1790 US Census to 4,450,000 (11% free or 480,000) a 580% increase in the 1860 US Census the white population from 3.2 million to 27 million an increase of 1180% due to high birth rates and 4.5 million immigrants overwhelmingly from Europe 70% of whom arrived in the years 1840-1860 the percentage of the Black population went from 19.3% to 14.1%. 1790 757,208 19.3% of population of whom 697,681 92% enslaved 1860 4,441,830 14.1% of population of whom 3,953,731 89% enslaved. . . Vte Map of the U.S showing Lincoln winning the North-east and West Breckinridge winning the South Douglas winning Missouri and Bell winning Virginia West Virginia and Kentucky, State volunteers were raised in various sized units and for various periods of time mostly for one year Later some were raised for the duration of the war as it became clear it was going to last longer than a year.

Dams on the Potomac River 12 See also They constituted less than 5% of the twelve million enslaved people brought from Africa to the Americas the great majority of enslaved Africans were transported to sugar colonies in the Caribbean and to Brazil as life expectancy was short their numbers had to be continually replenished Life expectancy was much higher in the U.S and the enslaved population was successful in reproduction the number of enslaved people in the U.S grew rapidly reaching 4 million by the 1860 Census From 1770 to 1860 the rate of natural growth of North American enslaved people was much greater than for the population of any nation in Europe and it was nearly twice as rapid as that of England. . Main article: Congressional Research Service Robert R Livingston member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.