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. Year # Slaves # Free Sierra Leone (Mende Temne) 15.8, Washington soon was counted among the political and social elite in Virginia From 1768 to 1775 he invited some 2,000 guests to his Mount Vernon estate mostly those whom he considered "people of rank" He became more politically active in 1769 presenting legislation in the Virginia Assembly to establish an embargo on goods from Great Britain, 3.2 "Fancy ladies" Fellow Whig Abraham Lincoln contested Polk's causes for the war Polk had said that Mexico had "shed American blood upon American soil" Lincoln submitted eight "Spot Resolutions" demanding that Polk state the exact spot where Thornton had been attacked and American blood shed and clarify whether or not that location was actually American soil or in fact had been claimed by Spain and Mexico Lincoln too refused to actually stop money for men or supplies.:151. Caning of Charles Sumner John Adams concluded in 1818: William Montrose Graham Jr Portrait of Seneca Chief Sagoyewatha Washington's peace emissary.

Wilson's time as a member of the Continental Congress in 1776 was his introduction to colonial politics, The L'Enfant Plan for Washington D.C. the capital of the United States, "Republican motherhood" became the ideal for American women exemplified by Abigail Adams and Mercy Otis Warren; the first duty of the republican woman was to instill republican values in her children and to avoid luxury and ostentation. On April 15 Lincoln called on the states to send detachments totaling 75,000 troops to recapture forts protect Washington and "preserve the Union" which in his view remained intact despite the seceding states This call forced states to choose sides Virginia seceded and was rewarded with the Confederate capital despite the exposed position of Richmond close to Union lines North Carolina Tennessee and Arkansas followed over the following two months Secession sentiment was strong in Missouri and Maryland but did not prevail; Kentucky remained neutral.:226 the Fort Sumter attack rallied Americans north of the Mason-Dixon line to defend the nation; 7.2 South Branch Potomac River, In July 1777 British General John Burgoyne led the Saratoga campaign south from Quebec through Lake Champlain and recaptured Fort Ticonderoga with the objective of dividing New England including control of the Hudson River But General Howe in British-occupied New York blundered taking his army south to Philadelphia rather than up the Hudson River to join Burgoyne near Albany. Meanwhile Washington and Lafayette rushed to Philadelphia to engage Howe and were shocked to learn of Burgoyne's progress in upstate New York where the Patriots were led by General Philip Schuyler and successor Horatio Gates Washington's army of less experienced men were defeated in the pitched battles at Philadelphia. 1 Background The British navy bombarded unstable earthworks on lower Manhattan Island. Washington with misgivings heeded the advice of Generals Greene and Israel Putnam to defend Fort Washington They were unable to hold it and Washington abandoned it despite General Charles Lee's objections as his army retired north to White Plains. Howe's pursuit forced Washington to retreat across the Hudson River to Fort Lee to avoid encirclement Howe then landed his troops on Manhattan in November and captured Fort Washington inflicting high casualties on the Americans Washington was responsible for delaying the retreat though he blamed Congress and Nathanael Greene Loyalists in New York considered Howe a liberator and spread a rumor that Washington had set fire to the city. Patriot morale reached its lowest when Lee was captured.