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. Political representation Jonathan Bayard Smith Pennsylvania 1 Yes By the early 1900s L'Enfant's vision of a grand national capital had become marred by slums and randomly placed buildings including a railroad station on the National Mall Congress formed a special committee charged with beautifying Washington's ceremonial core. What became known as the McMillan Plan was finalized in 1901 and included re-landscaping the Capitol grounds and the National Mall clearing slums and establishing a new citywide park system the plan is thought to have largely preserved L'Enfant's intended design. Some accounts report that Washington opposed flogging but at times sanctioned its use generally as a last resort on both male and female slaves. Washington used both reward and punishment to encourage discipline and productivity in his slaves He tried appealing to an individual's sense of pride gave better blankets and clothing to the "most deserving" and motivated his slaves with cash rewards He believed "watchfulness and admonition" to be often better deterrents against transgressions but would punish those who "will not do their duty by fair means." Punishment ranged in severity from demotion back to fieldwork through whipping and beatings to permanent separation from friends and family by sale Historian Ron Chernow maintains that overseers were required to warn slaves before resorting to the lash and required Washington's written permission before whipping though his extended absences did not always permit this. Washington remained dependent on slave labor to work his farms and negotiated the purchase of more slaves in 1786 and 1787, U.S Capitol Further information: Abolition of slavery timeline and List of notable opponents of slavery.

2 Defending the capital The terminal ceiling is suspended in a catenary curve above the luggage check-in area Washington D.C. Business Directory. . Washington D.C Franklin though he was a key founder of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, originally owned slaves whom he later manumitted While serving in the Rhode Island Assembly Stephen Hopkins introduced one of the earliest anti-slavery laws in the colonies and John Jay would try unsuccessfully to abolish slavery as early as 1777 in the State of New York. He nonetheless founded the New York Manumission Society in 1785 for which Hamilton became an officer They and other members of the Society founded the African Free School in New York City to educate the children of free blacks and slaves When Jay was governor of New York in 1798 he helped secure and signed into law an abolition law; fully ending forced labor as of 1827 He freed his own slaves in 1798 Alexander Hamilton opposed slavery as his experiences in life left him very familiar with slavery and its effect on slaves and on slaveholders, although he did negotiate slave transactions for his wife's family the Schuylers. John Adams Samuel Adams and Thomas Paine never owned slaves, Historians such as Bernard Bailyn Gordon Wood and Edmund Morgan view the American Revolution as a unique and radical event that produced deep changes and had a profound effect on world affairs such as an increasing belief in the principles of the Enlightenment These were demonstrated by a leadership and government that espoused protection of natural rights and a system of laws chosen by the people. John Murrin by contrast argues that the definition of "the people" at that time was mostly restricted to free men who were able to pass a property-qualification. This view argues that any significant gain of the revolution was irrelevant in the short term to women black Americans and slaves poor white men youth and American Indians, Traders responded to the demand including John Armfield and his uncle Isaac Franklin who were "reputed to have made over half a million dollars (in 19th-century value)" in the slave trade. (They did not handle the Jesuit transaction just mentioned.) Setting up an office in what was then the District of Columbia regional center of the slave trade in Alexandria "a major slave trading port for more than a century" the two men went into business in 1828 buying slaves in the North and selling them in the South:. . .