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The Great Depression ushered in President Franklin Roosevelt and strong control by Democrats and historic New Deal policies Roosevelt's election in 1932 marked a shift in government power towards the executive branch Numerous New Deal initiatives came from the White House rather than being initiated by Congress the Democratic Party controlled both houses of Congress for many years. During this time Republicans and conservative southern Democrats formed the Conservative Coalition. Democrats maintained control of Congress during World War II. Congress struggled with efficiency in the postwar era partly by reducing the number of standing congressional committees. Southern Democrats became a powerful force in many influential committees although political power alternated between Republicans and Democrats during these years More complex issues required greater specialization and expertise such as space flight and atomic energy policy. Senator Joseph McCarthy exploited the fear of communism during the Second Red Scare and conducted televised hearings in 1960 Democratic candidate John F Kennedy narrowly won the presidency and power shifted again to the Democrats who dominated both houses of Congress until 1994, blacks % Free Through the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 under the Congress of the Confederation slavery was prohibited in the territories northwest of the Ohio River; existing slaves were not freed for years although they could no longer be sold This was a compromise Thomas Jefferson proposed in 1784 to end slavery in all the territories but his bill lost in the Congress by one vote the territories south of the Ohio River (and Missouri) had authorized slavery. Northerners predominated in the westward movement into the Midwestern territory after the American Revolution; as the states were organized they voted to prohibit slavery in their constitutions when they achieved statehood: Ohio in 1803 Indiana in 1816 and Illinois in 1818 What developed was a Northern block of free states united into one contiguous geographic area that generally shared an anti-slavery culture the exceptions were the areas along the Ohio River settled by Southerners the southern portions of states such as Indiana Ohio and Illinois Residents of those areas generally shared in Southern culture and attitudes in addition these areas were devoted to agriculture longer than the industrializing northern parts of these states and some farmers used slave labor the emancipation of slaves in the North led to the growth in the population of northern free blacks from several hundred in the 1770s to nearly 50,000 by 1810. . The ruined and almost uninhabited Athens was made capital of newly independent Greece in 1834 four years after the country gained its independence with the romantic notion of reviving the glory of Ancient Greece. Similarly following the Cold War and German reunification Berlin is now once again the capital of Germany. Other restored capital cities include Moscow after the October Revolution, Growth and redevelopment A Great Blue Heron, The historian Ira Berlin wrote: To help regulate the relationship between slave and owner including legal support for keeping the slave as property states established slave codes most based on laws existing since the colonial era the code for the District of Columbia defined a slave as "a human being who is by law deprived of his or her liberty for life and is the property of another".

Benin: Porto-Novo is the official capital but Cotonou is the seat of government John Witherspoon New Jersey 2 Yes Yes. .