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! The river itself is at least 3.5 million years old, likely extending back ten to twenty million years before present when the Atlantic Ocean lowered and exposed coastal sediments along the fall line This included the area at Great Falls which eroded into its present form during recent glaciation periods. Turtles of the Potomac River Basin 60 years later in the early years of the Chesapeake Bay settlements colonial officials found it difficult to attract and retain laborers under the harsh frontier conditions and there was a high mortality rate. Most laborers came from Britain as indentured laborers signing contracts of indenture to pay with work for their passage their upkeep and their training usually on a farm the colonies had agricultural economies These indentured laborers were often young people who intended to become permanent residents in some cases convicted criminals were transported to the colonies as indentured laborers rather than being imprisoned the indentured laborers were not slaves but were required to work for four to seven years in Virginia to pay the cost of their passage and maintenance. Many Germans Scots-Irish and Irish came to the colonies in the 18th century settling in the backcountry of Pennsylvania and further south.

A seated Lincoln holding a book as his young son looks at it, Anti-slavery elements fought for the exclusion of slavery from any territory absorbed by the U.S in 1847 the House of Representatives passed the Wilmot Proviso stipulating that none of the territory acquired should be open to slavery the Senate avoided the issue and a late attempt to add it to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was defeated.[by whom?]; Franklin and Williamson were scientists in addition to their other activities 10 Slavery See also: First Battle of Tabasco Washington D.C. Business Directory. Beginning in late December 1778 they captured Savannah and controlled the Georgia coastline in 1780 they launched a fresh invasion and took Charleston as well a significant victory at the Battle of Camden meant that royal forces soon controlled most of Georgia and South Carolina the British set up a network of forts inland hoping that the Loyalists would rally to the flag. Not enough Loyalists turned out however and the British had to fight their way north into North Carolina and Virginia with a severely weakened army Behind them much of the territory that they had already captured dissolved into a chaotic guerrilla war fought predominantly between bands of Loyalists and American militia which negated many of the gains that the British had previously made, Washington's stepdaughter Patsy Custis suffered from epileptic attacks from age 12 and she died in his arms in 1773 the following day he wrote to Burwell Bassett: "It is easier to conceive than to describe the distress of this Family". He canceled all business activity and remained with Martha every night for three months, On March 4 1865 Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address in it he deemed the endless casualties to be God's will Historian Mark Noll claims this speech to rank "among the small handful of semi-sacred texts by which Americans conceive their place in the world".:426 Lincoln said:. ; President Taylor opposed the compromise and continued to call for immediate statehood for both California and New Mexico. Senator John C Calhoun and some other Southern leaders argued that the compromise was biased against the South because it would lead to the creation of new free states. Most Northern Whigs led by William Henry Seward who delivered his famous "Higher Law" speech during the controversy opposed the Compromise as well because it would apply the Wilmot Proviso to the western territories and because of the pressing of ordinary citizens into duty on slave-hunting patrols That provision was inserted by Democratic Virginia Senator James M Mason to entice border-state Whigs who faced the greatest danger of losing slaves as fugitives but were lukewarm on general sectional issues related to the South on Texas's land claims. Slave rebellions, The Mexican forces under General Santa Anna immediately prepared for war On April 25 1846 a 2,000-man Mexican cavalry detachment attacked a 70-man U.S patrol under the command of Captain Seth Thornton which had been sent into the contested territory north of the Rio Grande and south of the Nueces River in the Thornton Affair the Mexican cavalry routed the patrol killing 11 American soldiers, The newly founded country of the United States had to create a new government to replace the British Parliament the U.S adopted the Articles of Confederation a declaration that established a national government with a one-house legislature Its ratification by all thirteen colonies gave the second Congress a new name: the Congress of the Confederation which met from 1781 to 1789 the Constitutional Convention took place during the summer of 1787 in Philadelphia. Although the Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation the intention from the outset for some including James Madison and Alexander Hamilton was to create a new frame of government rather than amending the existing one the delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention the result of the Convention was the United States Constitution and the replacement of the Continental Congress with the United States Congress. According to 2017 Census Bureau data the population of Washington D.C was 47.1% Black or African American 45.1% White (36.8% non-Hispanic White) 4.3% Asian 0.6% American Indian or Alaska Native and 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Individuals from two or more races made up 2.7% of the population Hispanics of any race made up 11.0% of the District's population. On January 5 1776 New Hampshire ratified the first state constitution in May 1776 Congress voted to suppress all forms of crown authority to be replaced by locally created authority Virginia South Carolina and New Jersey created their constitutions before July 4 Rhode Island and Connecticut simply took their existing royal charters and deleted all references to the crown the new states were all committed to republicanism with no inherited offices They decided what form of government to create and also how to select those who would craft the constitutions and how the resulting document would be ratified On 26 May 1776 John Adams wrote James Sullivan from Philadelphia:.