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Main articles: English Dissenters and First Great Awakening, North Fork South Branch Potomac River The Act gave President George Washington the authority to decide the exact location and hire a surveyor the President was required to have suitable buildings ready for Congress and other government offices by the first Monday in December 1800 (Monday December 1 1800) the federal government would provide financing for all public buildings! Eric Foner argues that: from the confluence of its North and South Branches, French King Louis XVI allied with Washington and Patriot American colonists George Washington. . . Washington D.C is overwhelmingly Democratic having voted for the Democratic candidate solidly since 1964 Each Republican candidate was voted down in favor of the Democratic candidate by a margin of at least 56 percentage points each time; the closest albeit very large margin between the two parties in a presidential election was in 1972 when Richard Nixon secured 21.6 percent of the vote to George McGovern's 78.1 percent Since then the Republican candidate has never received more than 20 percent of the vote.

Scholar and representative Lee H Hamilton asserted that the "historic mission of Congress has been to maintain freedom" and insisted it was a "driving force in American government" and a "remarkably resilient institution". Congress is the "heart and soul of our democracy" according to this view, even though legislators rarely achieve the prestige or name recognition of presidents or Supreme Court justices; one wrote that "legislators remain ghosts in America's historical imagination". One analyst argues that it is not a solely reactive institution but has played an active role in shaping government policy and is extraordinarily sensitive to public pressure. Several academics described Congress:, Admiral Further information: History of Washington D.C and Timeline of Washington D.C, The shock of Union defeat at First Bull Run with demoralized troops wandering the streets of the capital caused President Lincoln to order extensive fortifications and a large garrison This required an influx of troops military suppliers and building contractors which would set up a new demand for accommodation including military hospitals the abolition of slavery in D.C in 1862 also attracted many freedmen to the city Except for one attempted invasion by Confederate cavalry leader Jubal Early in 1864 the capital remained impregnable. Washington D.C during the American Civil War was the nerve-center of the Union war effort which rapidly turned it from a small city into a major capital with full civic infrastructure and strong defenses.