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. The Americans had already burned much of the historic Washington Navy Yard founded by Thomas Jefferson to prevent capture of stores and ammunition as well as the 44-gun frigate USS Columbia and the 22 gun USS Argus both new vessels nearing completion the Navy Yard's Latrobe Gate Quarters A and Quarters B were the only buildings to escape destruction. Also spared were the Marine Barracks and Commandant's House although several private properties were damaged or destroyed, The city's local government particularly during the mayoralty of Marion Barry was criticized for mismanagement and waste. During his administration in 1989 the Washington Monthly magazine claimed that the District had "the worst city government in America." in 1995 at the start of Barry's fourth term Congress created the District of Columbia Financial Control Board to oversee all municipal spending. Mayor Anthony Williams won election in 1998 and oversaw a period of urban renewal and budget surpluses. The Haida and Tlingit Indians who lived along southeast Alaska's coast were traditionally known as fierce warriors and slave-traders raiding as far as California Slavery was hereditary after slaves were taken as prisoners of war Among some Pacific Northwest tribes about a quarter of the population were slaves. Other slave-owning tribes of North America were for example Comanche of Texas Creek of Georgia the fishing societies such as the Yurok that lived along the coast from what is now Alaska to California; the Pawnee and Klamath.

. ! ! Each bill goes through several stages in each house including consideration by a committee and advice from the Government Accountability Office. Most legislation is considered by standing committees which have jurisdiction over a particular subject such as Agriculture or Appropriations the House has twenty standing committees; the Senate has sixteen Standing committees meet at least once each month. Almost all standing committee meetings for transacting business must be open to the public unless the committee votes publicly to close the meeting a committee might call for public hearings on important bills. Each committee is led by a chair who belongs to the majority party and a ranking member of the minority party Witnesses and experts can present their case for or against a bill. Then a bill may go to what is called a mark-up session where committee members debate the bill's merits and may offer amendments or revisions. Committees may also amend the bill but the full house holds the power to accept or reject committee amendments After debate the committee votes whether it wishes to report the measure to the full house If a bill is tabled then it is rejected If amendments are extensive sometimes a new bill with amendments built in will be submitted as a so-called clean bill with a new number. Both houses have procedures under which committees can be bypassed or overruled but they are rarely used Generally members who have been in Congress longer have greater seniority and therefore greater power, Maj Gen In July 1861 the US issued paper currency for the first time the currency became known greenbacks because it was printed in green on the reverse side, George Wythe Virginia 1 Yes During the War of 1812 British Royal Navy commanders of the blockading fleet based at the Bermuda dockyard were instructed to offer freedom to defecting American slaves as the Crown had during the Revolutionary War Thousands of escaped slaves went over to the Crown with their families Men were recruited into the Corps of Colonial Marines on occupied Tangier Island in the Chesapeake Bay. . On the morning of October 26 as Perry's fleet prepared to start the attack on the city the Mexican forces began firing at the American fleet the U.S bombing began to yield the square so that the fire continued until evening Before taking the square Perry decided to leave and return to the port of Frontera where he established a naval blockade to prevent supplies of food and military supplies from reaching the state capital, Beginning in the 19th century with increasing mining and agriculture upstream and urban sewage and runoff downstream the water quality of the Potomac River deteriorated This created conditions of severe eutrophication It is said that President Abraham Lincoln used to escape to the highlands on summer nights to escape the river's stench in the 1960s with dense green algal blooms covering the river's surface President Lyndon Johnson declared the river "a national disgrace" and set in motion a long-term effort to reduce pollution from sewage and restore the beauty and ecology of this historic river One of significant pollution control projects at the time was the expansion of the Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant which serves Washington and several surrounding communities. Enactment of the 1972 Clean Water Act led to construction or expansion of additional sewage treatment plants in the Potomac watershed Controls on phosphorus one of the principal contributors to eutrophication were implemented in the 1980s through sewage plant upgrades and restrictions on phosphorus in detergents. Peyton Randolph as president of the Continental Congress presided over creation of the Continental Association, Barbary pirates from North Africa began to seize North American colonists as early as 1625 and roughly 700 Americans were held captive in this region as slaves between 1785 and 1815. Some captives used their experiences as a North African slave to criticize slavery in the United States such as William Ray in his book Horrors of Slavery.