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Desertion was a major problem for the Mexican Army depleting forces on the eve of battle Most soldiers were peasants who had a loyalty to their village and family but not to the generals who had conscripted them Often hungry and ill underequipped only partially trained and never well paid the soldiers were held in contempt by their officers and had little reason to fight the Americans Looking for their opportunity many slipped away from camp to find their way back to their home village, Total ..........597,000 Star of the West, Civil War Gentry vividly remembered a day in New Orleans when he and the nineteen-year-old Lincoln came upon a slave market Pausing to watch Gentry recalled looking down at Lincoln's hands and seeing that he "doubled his fists tightly; his knuckles went white." Men wearing black coats and white hats buy field hands "black and ugly," for $500 to 800 and then the real horror begins: "When the sale of "fancy girls" began Lincoln "unable to stand it any longer," muttered to Gentry "Allen that's a disgrace If I ever get a lick at that thing I'll hit it hard."; !

Contents Other important legislation involved two measures to raise revenues for the Federal government: tariffs (a policy with long precedent) and a Federal income tax in 1861 Lincoln signed the second and third Morrill Tariffs following the first enacted by Buchanan Also in 1861 Lincoln signed the Revenue Act of 1861 creating the first U.S income tax.:424 This created a flat tax of 3 percent on incomes above $800 ($22,300 in current dollar terms) the Revenue Act of 1862 adopted rates that increased with income.:111, Interactive map showing border of Washington D.C (click to zoom) Originally Washington had planned to retire after his first term while many Americans could not imagine anyone else taking his place. After nearly four years as President and dealing with the infighting in his own cabinet and with partisan critics Washington showed little enthusiasm in running for a second term while Martha also wanted him not to run. James Madison urged him not to retire that his absence would only allow the dangerous political rift in his cabinet and in the House to worsen Jefferson also pleaded with him not to retire and agreed to drop his attacks on Hamilton or he would also retire if Washington did. Hamilton maintained that Washington's absence would be "deplored as the greatest evil" to the country at this time. During this time Washington's close nephew George Augustine Washington his manager at Mount Vernon was critically ill and had to be replaced further increasing Washington's desire to retire and return to Mount Vernon. Historian Caroline Robbins in 1977 examined the status of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence and concluded: {{quote|There were indeed disparities of wealth earned or inherited: some Signers were rich others had about enough to enable them to attend Congress .. the majority of revolutionaries were from moderately well-to-do or average income brackets Twice as many Loyalists belonged to the wealthiest echelon But some Signers were rich; few indigent .. the Signers were elected not for wealth or rank so much as because of the evidence they had already evinced of willingness for public service a few of them were wealthy or had financial resources that ranged from good to excellent but there are other founders who were less than wealthy On the whole they were less wealthy than the Loyalists, 7 References As Grant continued to attrit Lee's forces efforts to discuss peace began Confederate Vice President Stephens led a group to meet with Lincoln Seward and others at Hampton Roads Lincoln refused to allow any negotiation with the Confederacy as a coequal; his sole objective was an agreement to end the fighting and the meetings produced no results.:565 On April 1 1865 Grant nearly encircled Petersburg the Confederate government evacuated and the city fell Lincoln visited the conquered capital On April 9 Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox officially ending the war.:589, The colonists protested and the boundary line was adjusted in a series of treaties with the Indians in 1768 Indians agreed to the Treaty of Fort Stanwix and the Treaty of Hard Labour followed in 1770 by the Treaty of Lochaber the treaties opened most of Kentucky and West Virginia to colonial settlement the new map was drawn up at the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768 which moved the line much farther to the west from the green line to the red line on the map at right. Illinois state legislature North Branch Potomac River. Bicentennial logo 7 The Potomac River System 1.3 Republic of Texas Lincoln the Republican won with a plurality of popular votes and a majority of electoral votes Lincoln however did not appear on the ballots of ten southern slave states Many slave owners in the South feared that the real intent of the Republicans was the abolition of slavery in states where it already existed and that the sudden emancipation of four million slaves would be disastrous for the slave owners and for the economy that drew its greatest profits from the labor of people who were not paid; . Effects on Southern economic development, Main article: Demographics of Washington D.C, As specified by Article One of the United States Constitution in fact as one of the enumerated powers of section 8 Congress assumed direct administrative control of the federal district upon its creation by the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 There was no district governor or executive body the U.S House created a permanent Committee on the District of Columbia in January of 1808 and the U.S Senate established its counterpart in December 1816 These committees remained active until 1946. Thus the U.S Congress managed the detailed day-to-day governmental needs of the district through Acts of Congress -- an act authorizing the purchase of fire engines and construction of a firehouse for instance, or an act to commission three new city streets and closing two others in Georgetown. Battle of Chapultepec In April 1776 the North Carolina Provincial Congress issued the Halifax Resolves explicitly authorizing its delegates to vote for independence by June nine Provincial Congresses were ready for independence; one by one the last four fell into line: Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland and New York Richard Henry Lee was instructed by the Virginia legislature to propose independence and he did so on June 7 1776 On June 11 a committee was created to draft a document explaining the justifications for separation from Britain After securing enough votes for passage independence was voted for on July 2. .