Highland Hospital

3.2 "Fancy ladies" There were economic and ethnic differences between free blacks of the Upper South and Deep South with the latter fewer in number but wealthier and typically of mixed race Half of the black slaveholders lived in cities rather than the countryside with most living in New Orleans and Charleston Especially New Orleans had a large relatively wealthy free black population (gens de couleur) composed of people of mixed race who had become a third social class between whites and enslaved blacks under French and Spanish colonial rule Relatively few non-white slaveholders were "substantial planters" Of those who were most were of mixed race often endowed by white fathers with some property and social capital for example Andrew Durnford of New Orleans was listed as owning 77 slaves. According to Rachel Kranz: "Durnford was known as a stern master who worked his slaves hard and punished them often in his efforts to make his Louisiana sugar plantation a success.", South Carolina 107,094 146,151 196,365 251,783 315,401 327,038 384,984 402,406 Washington retreated across the Delaware to Pennsylvania but returned to New Jersey on January 3 launching an attack on British regulars at Princeton with 40 Americans killed or wounded and 273 British killed or captured. American Generals Hugh Mercer and John Cadwalader were being driven back by the British when Mercer was mortally wounded then Washington arrived and led the men in a counterattack which advanced to within 30 yards (27 m) of the British line. Peter or Gordon a whipped slave photo taken at Baton Rouge Louisiana 1863; the guilty overseer was fired. .

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