Tobener Ravenscroft

. Main articles: American Civil War and Battle of Fort Sumter, Thomas McKean Delaware 3 Yes Yes Yes 10.2 American Indians 1 Terminology Seneca Chief Sagoyewatha was Washington's peace emissary with the Western Confederation.

Many of the Founding Fathers attended or graduated from the colonial colleges most notably Columbia known at the time as "King's College" Princeton originally known as "The College of New Jersey" Harvard College the College of William and Mary Yale College and University of Pennsylvania Some had previously been home schooled or obtained early instruction from private tutors or academies. Others had studied abroad Ironically Benjamin Franklin who had little formal education himself would ultimately establish the College of Philadelphia based on European models (1740); "Penn" would have the first medical school (1765) in the thirteen colonies where another Founder Benjamin Rush would eventually teach. . CSA Washington's forceful action demonstrated that the new government could protect itself and its tax collectors This represented the first use of federal military force against the states and citizens and remains the only time that a sitting president has commanded troops in the field Washington justified his action against "certain self-created societies" which he regarded as "subversive organizations" that threatened the national union He did not dispute their right to protest but he insisted that their dissent must not violate federal law Congress agreed and extended their congratulations to him with only Madison and Jefferson expressing indifference. . . Thousands of raw volunteers (as well as many professional soldiers) came to the area to fight for the Union By the mid-summer Washington teemed with volunteer regiments and artillery batteries from throughout the North all serviced by what was little more than a country town of what had been in 1860 75,800 people.[b] George Templeton Strong's observation of Washington life led him to declare, Map of land use in the watershed, In Santa Fe Governor Manuel Armijo wanted to avoid battle but on August 9 Catholic priests Diego Archuleta (the young regular-army commander) and the young militia officers Manuel Chaves and Miguel Pino forced him to muster a defense. Armijo set up a position in Apache Canyon a narrow pass about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of the city. However on August 14 before the American army was even in view he decided not to fight (An American named James Magoffin claimed he had convinced Armijo and Archuleta to follow this course; an unverified story says he bribed Armijo.) When Pino Chaves and some of the militiamen insisted on fighting Armijo ordered the cannon pointed at them the New Mexican army retreated to Santa Fe and Armijo fled to Chihuahua!