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Thomas Paine published his pamphlet Common Sense in January 1776 after the Revolution had started it was widely distributed and often read aloud in taverns contributing significantly to spreading the ideas of republicanism and liberalism together bolstering enthusiasm for separation from Great Britain and encouraging recruitment for the Continental Army. Paine offered a solution for Americans who were alarmed by the threat of tyranny. 2.4 Airline lounges Photo of a table with chairs. . . ! The independent Republic of Texas won the decisive Battle of San Jacinto (April 21 1836) against Mexico and captured Mexican president Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna He signed the Treaties of Velasco which recognized the Rio Grande as the boundary of the Republic of Texas the treaties were then repudiated by the government of Mexico which insisted that Mexico remained sovereign over Texas since Santa Anna had signed the treaty under coercion and promised to reclaim the lost territories to the extent that there was a de facto recognition Mexico treated the Nueces River as its northern boundary control a vast largely-unsettled area was between the two rivers Neither Mexico nor the Republic of Texas had the military strength to assert its territorial claim On December 29 1845 the Republic of Texas was annexed to the United States and became the 28th state Texas was staunchly committed to slavery with its constitution making it illegal for the legislature to free slaves; Unusual capital city arrangements Notable operations and milestones 4.3 Post-revolution Southern manumissions Historical graph of party control of the Senate House and Presidency. Since 1980 the Democrats have held the Presidency for four terms but because of the Senate filibuster have only been able to freely legislate in two years the Republicans have been similarly disabled.

8.1 Upper & Lower Potomac Led by Zachary Taylor 2,300 U.S troops crossed the Rio Grande after some initial difficulties in obtaining river transport His soldiers occupied the city of Matamoros then Camargo (where the soldiery suffered the first of many problems with disease) and then proceeded south and besieged the city of Monterrey the hard-fought Battle of Monterrey resulted in serious losses on both sides the American light artillery was ineffective against the stone fortifications of the city the Mexican forces were under General Pedro de Ampudia and repulsed Taylor's best infantry division at Fort Teneria, Signatories to founding documents 6.4 Sports In the United States in the early nineteenth century owners of female slaves could freely and legally use them as sexual objects This follows free use of female slaves on slaving vessels by the crews.:83 "Fancy" was a code word that indicated the girl or young woman was suitable for or trained for sexual use.:56 in some cases children were also abused in this manner the sale of a 13-year-old "nearly a fancy" is documented, Zephaniah Kingsley Jr bought his wife when she was 13.:191. See also: Cabinet of the United States, The U.S settlers surging into the newly conquered Southwest were openly contemptuous of Mexican law (a civil law system based on the law of Spain) as alien and inferior and disposed of it by enacting reception statutes at the first available opportunity However they recognized the value of a few aspects of Mexican law and carried them over into their new legal systems for example most of the southwestern states adopted community property marital property systems as well as water law, When the Constitution was ratified in 1787 the ratio of the populations of large states to small states was roughly twelve to one the Connecticut Compromise gave every state large and small an equal vote in the Senate. Since each state has two senators residents of smaller states have more clout in the Senate than residents of larger states But since 1787 the population disparity between large and small states has grown; in 2006 for example California had seventy times the population of Wyoming. Critics such as constitutional scholar Sanford Levinson have suggested that the population disparity works against residents of large states and causes a steady redistribution of resources from "large states to small states". However others argue that the Connecticut Compromise was deliberately intended by the Founding Fathers to construct the Senate so that each state had equal footing not based on population and contend that the result works well on balance.