In 1803
The Supreme Court Established Judicial Review Of Federal Legislation
In Marbury V
Madison
Holding
However
That Congress Could Not Grant Unconstitutional Power
To
The Court Itself
The Constitution Does Not Explicitly State That
The Courts May Exercise Judicial Review; However
The Notion That Courts Could Declare Laws Unconstitutional Was Envisioned By
The Founding Fathers
Alexander Hamilton
For Example
Mentioned
And Expounded Upon
The Doctrine
In Federalist No
78
Originalists On
The Supreme Court Have Argued That If
The Constitution Does Not Say Something Explicitly It
Is Unconstitutional
To Infer What
It Should
Might Or Could Have Said. Judicial Review Means That
The Supreme Court Can Nullify
A Congressional Law
It Is
A Huge Check By
The Courts On
The Legislative Authority
And Limits Congressional Power Substantially
In 1857
For Example
The Supreme Court Struck Down Provisions Of
A Congressional Act Of 1820
In Its Dred Scott Decision. At
The Same Time
The Supreme Court Can Extend Congressional Power Through Its Constitutional Interpretations
. ; .
. Major Tributaries of
the Potomac River
and Area Drained, Washington D.C. Business Directory, Jurisdictions
and states created fines
and sentences for
a wide variety of minor crimes
and used these as
an excuse
to arrest
and sentence blacks
Under convict leasing programs
African American men
often guilty of no crime
at all
were arrested
compelled
to work without pay
repeatedly bought
and sold
and coerced
to do
the bidding of
the leaseholder
Sharecropping
as
it was practiced during this period
often involved severe restrictions on
the freedom of movement of sharecroppers
who could be whipped
for leaving
the plantation
Both sharecropping
and convict leasing were legal
and tolerated
by both
the north
and south
However
peonage was
an illicit form of forced labor
Its existence was ignored
by authorities while thousands of African Americans
and poor Anglo Americans were subjugated
and held
in bondage until
the mid 1960s
to
the late 1970s.
La Salle Medical Associates