D Street Medical Center

South Branch Potomac River, More than 20,000 injured or ill soldiers received treatment in an array of permanent and temporary hospitals in the capital including the U.S Patent Office and for a time the Capitol itself Among the notables who served in nursing were American Red Cross founder Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix who served as superintendent of female nurses in Washington Novelist Louisa May Alcott served at the Union Hospital in Georgetown Poet Walt Whitman served as a hospital volunteer and in 1865 would publish his famous poem "The Wound-Dresser." the United States Sanitary Commission had a significant presence in Washington as did the United States Christian Commission and other relief agencies the Freedman's Hospital was established in 1862 to serve the needs of the growing population of freed slaves, On February 22 1847 Santa Anna personally marched north to fight Taylor with 20,000 men Taylor with 4,600 men had entrenched at a mountain pass called Buena Vista Santa Anna suffered desertions on the way north and arrived with 15,000 men in a tired state He demanded and was refused surrender of the U.S Army; he attacked the next morning Santa Anna flanked the U.S positions by sending his cavalry and some of his infantry up the steep terrain that made up one side of the pass while a division of infantry attacked frontally along the road leading to Buena Vista Furious fighting ensued during which the U.S troops were nearly routed but managed to cling to their entrenched position thanks to the Mississippi Rifles a volunteer regiment led by Jefferson Davis who formed them into a defensive V formation the Mexicans had inflicted considerable losses but Santa Anna had gotten word of upheaval in Mexico City so he withdrew that night leaving Taylor in control of part of Northern Mexico. Born in Kentucky Lincoln grew up on the frontier in a poor family Self-educated he became a lawyer Whig Party leader Illinois state legislator and Congressman in 1849 he left government to resume his law practice but angered by the success of Democrats in opening the prairie lands to slavery reentered politics in 1854 He became a leader in the new Republican Party and gained national attention in 1858 for debating national Democratic leader Stephen A Douglas in the 1858 Illinois Senate campaign He then ran for President in 1860 sweeping the North and winning Southern pro-slavery elements took his win as proof that the North was rejecting the constitutional rights of Southern states to practice slavery They began the process of seceding from the union to secure its independence the new Confederate States of America fired on Fort Sumter one of the few U.S forts in the South Lincoln called up volunteers and militia to suppress the rebellion and restore the Union, In 1755 Washington served voluntarily as an aide to General Edward Braddock who led a British expedition to expel the French from Fort Duquesne and the Ohio Country. On Washington's recommendation Braddock split the army into one main column and a lightly equipped "flying column". Suffering from a severe case of dysentery Washington was left behind and when he rejoined Braddock at Monongahela the French and their Indian allies ambushed the divided army the British suffered two-thirds casualties including the mortally wounded Braddock Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gage Washington still very ill rallied the survivors and formed a rear guard which allowed the remnants of the force to disengage and retreat. During the engagement he had two horses shot from under him and his hat and coat were bullet-pierced. His conduct under fire redeemed his reputation among critics of his command in the Battle of Fort Necessity, but he was not included by the succeeding commander Colonel Thomas Dunbar in planning subsequent operations.

. ; In 1654 John Casor a black indentured servant in colonial Virginia was the first man to be declared a slave in a civil case He had claimed to an officer that his master Anthony Johnson himself a free black had held him past his indenture term a neighbor Robert Parker told Johnson that if he did not release Casor he would testify in court to this fact Under local laws Johnson was at risk for losing some of his headright lands for violating the terms of indenture Under duress Johnson freed Casor Casor entered into a seven years' indenture with Parker Feeling cheated Johnson sued Parker to repossess Casor a Northampton County Virginia court ruled for Johnson declaring that Parker illegally was detaining Casor from his rightful master who legally held him "for the duration of his life", The continuation of state-established religion, Alexander Hamilton In 1777 the British sent Burgoyne's invasion force from Canada south to New York to seal off New England Their aim was to isolate New England which the British perceived as the primary source of agitation Rather than move north to support Burgoyne the British army in New York City went to Philadelphia in a major case of mis-coordination capturing it from Washington the invasion army under Burgoyne was much too slow and became trapped in northern New York state it surrendered after the Battles of Saratoga in October 1777 From early October 1777 until November 15 a siege distracted British troops at Fort Mifflin Philadelphia Pennsylvania and allowed Washington time to preserve the Continental Army by safely leading his troops to harsh winter quarters at Valley Forge. Some of the British colonies attempted to abolish the international slave trade fearing that the importation of new Africans would be disruptive Virginia bills to that effect were vetoed by the British Privy Council Rhode Island forbade the import of enslaved people in 1774 All of the colonies except Georgia had banned or limited the African slave trade by 1786; Georgia did so in 1798 Some[which?] of these laws were later repealed, Washington's cabinet members formed rival parties with sharply opposing views most fiercely illustrated between Hamilton and Jefferson. He restricted cabinet discussions to topics of his choosing without participating in the debate He occasionally requested cabinet opinions in writing and expected department heads to agreeably carry out his decisions. View of the Potomac River from George Washington's birthplace in Westmoreland County Virginia, 1.1 Roots of the conflict in North Mexico 1.1 Early life. ; . Later a raid against the guerrillas of Padre Jarauta at Zacualtipan (February 25 1848) further reduced guerrilla raids on the American line of communications After the two governments concluded a truce to await ratification of the peace treaty on March 6 1848 formal hostilities ceased However some bands continued in defiance of the Mexican government until the American evacuation in August. Some were suppressed by the Mexican Army or like Padre Jarauta executed.