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4.6 West Point espionage Second committee room in Congress Hall in Philadelphia Office Name Term Main articles: France in the American Revolutionary War and Spain in the American Revolutionary War. The Virginia Regiment was reconstituted in August 1755 and Dinwiddie appointed Washington its commander again with the colonial rank of colonel Washington clashed over seniority almost immediately this time with John Dagworthy another captain of superior royal rank who commanded a detachment of Marylanders at the regiment's headquarters in Fort Cumberland. Washington impatient for an offensive against Fort Duquesne was convinced Braddock would have granted him a royal commission and pressed his case in February 1756 with Braddock's successor William Shirley and again in January 1757 with Shirley's successor Lord Loudoun Shirley ruled in Washington's favor only in the matter of Dagworthy; Loudoun humiliated Washington refused him a royal commission and agreed only to relieve him of the responsibility of manning Fort Cumberland. 4.8 War of 1812, A separate British force captured Alexandria on the south side of the Potomac River while Ross's troops were leaving Washington the mayor of Alexandria made a deal and the British refrained from burning the town. ; The Constitution provides checks and balances among the three branches of the federal government Its authors expected the greater power to lie with Congress as described in Article One! !

. Upper Potomac River The Senate has an important check on the executive power by confirming Cabinet officials judges and other high officers "by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate" it confirms most presidential nominees but rejections are not uncommon Furthermore treaties negotiated by the President must be ratified by a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate to take effect As a result presidential arm-twisting of senators can happen before a key vote; for example President Obama's secretary of state Hillary Clinton urged her former senate colleagues to approve a nuclear arms treaty with Russia in 2010 the House of Representatives has no formal role in either the ratification of treaties or the appointment of federal officials other than in filling a vacancy in the office of the vice president; in such a case a majority vote in each House is required to confirm a president's nomination of a vice president.