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The First Continental Congress was a gathering of representatives from twelve of the thirteen British Colonies in North America. On July 4 1776 the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence referring to the new nation as the "United States of America" the Articles of Confederation in 1781 created the Congress of the Confederation a unicameral body with equal representation among the states in which each state had a veto over most decisions Congress had executive but not legislative authority and the federal judiciary was confined to admiralty and lacked authority to collect taxes regulate commerce or enforce laws, Stephen Hopkins Rhode Island 2 Yes Yes In 1779 the Americans forced the hostile Indians out of upstate New York when Washington sent an army under John Sullivan which destroyed 40 empty Iroquois villages in central and western New York the Battle of Newtown proved decisive as the Patriots had an advantage of three-to-one and it ended significant resistance; there was little combat otherwise Sullivan systematically burned the empty villages and destroyed about 160,000 bushels of corn that composed the winter food supply Facing starvation and homeless for the winter the Iroquois fled to Canada the British resettled them in Ontario providing land grants as compensation for some of their losses, Washington D.C is overwhelmingly Democratic having voted for the Democratic candidate solidly since 1964 Each Republican candidate was voted down in favor of the Democratic candidate by a margin of at least 56 percentage points each time; the closest albeit very large margin between the two parties in a presidential election was in 1972 when Richard Nixon secured 21.6 percent of the vote to George McGovern's 78.1 percent Since then the Republican candidate has never received more than 20 percent of the vote! Based on the President's war powers the Emancipation Proclamation applied to territory held by Confederates at the time However the Proclamation became a symbol of the Union's growing commitment to add emancipation to the Union's definition of liberty. Lincoln played a leading role in getting the constitutionally-required two-thirds majority of both houses of Congress to vote for the Thirteenth Amendment, which made emancipation universal and permanent. . . Northern philanthropists continued to support black education in the 20th century even as tensions rose within the black community exemplified by Booker T Washington and W E B Du Bois as to the proper emphasis between industrial and classical academic education at the college level an example of a major donor to Hampton Institute and Tuskegee was George Eastman who also helped fund health programs at colleges and in communities. Collaborating with Washington in the early decades of the 20th century philanthropist Julius Rosenwald provided matching funds for community efforts to build rural schools for black children He insisted on white and black cooperation in the effort wanting to ensure that white-controlled school boards made a commitment to maintain the schools By the 1930s local parents had helped raise funds (sometimes donating labor and land) to create over 5,000 rural schools in the South Other philanthropists such as Henry H Rogers and Andrew Carnegie each of whom had arisen from modest roots to become wealthy used matching fund grants to stimulate local development of libraries and schools, Washington D.C. Business Directory, Main article: Reconstruction Era The United States Navy Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) is named after Lincoln the second Navy ship to bear his name. Painting showing French King Louis XVI standing wearing formal King's robe Further information: History of Washington D.C.; Timeline of Washington D.C.; and District of Columbia (until 1871). . Advanced degrees and apprenticeships The Parliament at Westminster saw itself as the supreme lawmaking authority throughout all British possessions and thus entitled to levy any tax without colonial approval. They argued that the colonies were legally British corporations that were completely subordinate to the British parliament and pointed to numerous instances where Parliament had made laws binding on the colonies in the past. They did not see anything in the unwritten British constitution that made taxes special and noted that they had taxed American trade for decades Parliament insisted that the colonies effectively enjoyed a "virtual representation" as most British people did as only a small minority of the British population elected representatives to Parliament. Americans such as James Otis maintained that the Americans were not in fact virtually represented.

. . European Organization for Nuclear Research: Meyrin a suburb of Geneva, Daniel Roberdeau Pennsylvania 1 Yes Punjab and Haryana: Both states share Chandigarh as their capital city the city itself is administered as a Union territory; . Part of the Politics series on, In 2012 Washington's annual murder count had dropped to 88 the lowest total since 1961 the murder rate has since risen from that historic low though it remains close to half the rate of the early 2000s. Washington was once described as the "murder capital" of the United States during the early 1990s the number of murders peaked in 1991 at 479 but the level of violence then began to decline significantly, Central concepts[show] All States 694,207 887,612 1,130,781 1,529,012 1,987,428 2,482,798 3,200,600 3,950,546 16.4 Primary sources.