During the Fall of 1789 Washington had to contend with the British military occupation in the Northwest frontier and their concerted efforts to incite hostile Indian tribes to attack American settlers.[p] the Northwest tribes under Miami chief Little Turtle allied with the British Army to resist American expansion and killed 1,500 settlers between 1783 and 1790. Free blacks in the North and South fought on both sides of the Revolution but most fought for the Patriots Gary Nash reports that there were about 9,000 black Patriots counting the Continental Army and Navy state militia units privateers wagoneers in the Army servants to officers and spies. Ray Raphael notes that thousands did join the Loyalist cause but "a far larger number free as well as slave tried to further their interests by siding with the patriots." Crispus Attucks was shot dead by British soldiers in the Boston Massacre in 1770 and is considered the first American casualty of the Revolutionary War. Utilities 2 Revolutionary era 3.1 Powers of Congress.
. The next day a large armed force of approximately 500 New Mexicans and Pueblo attacked and laid siege to Simeon Turley's mill in Arroyo Hondo several miles outside of Taos Charles Autobees an employee at the mill saw the men coming He rode to Santa Fe for help from the occupying U.S forces Eight to ten mountain men were left at the mill for defense After a day-long battle only two of the mountain men survived John David Albert and Thomas Tate Tobin Autobees' half brother Both escaped separately on foot during the night the same day New Mexican insurgents killed seven American traders who were passing through the village of Mora at most 15 Americans were killed in both actions on January 20, 5.1 Capitals that are not the seat of government See also: History of unfree labor in the United States. 2 Issues 3 Airlines and destinations, 9 External links Davis underscores the British dilemma: "Britain when confronted by the rebellious American colonists hoped to exploit their fear of slave revolts while also reassuring the large number of slave-holding Loyalists and wealthy Caribbean planters and merchants that their slave property would be secure" the Colonists however accused the British of encouraging slave revolts, In August 1775 George III declared Americans to be traitors to the Crown if they took up arms against royal authority There were thousands of British and Hessian soldiers in American hands following their surrender at the Battles of Saratoga in October 1777 Lord Germain took a hard line but the British generals on American soil never held treason trials and treated captured American soldiers as prisoners of war the dilemma was that tens of thousands of Loyalists were under American control and American retaliation would have been easy the British built much of their strategy around using these Loyalists the British maltreated the prisoners whom they held resulting in more deaths to American prisoners of war than from combat operations. At the end of the war both sides released their surviving prisoners.
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